-
- Vildmark eller ødemark, hvor jorden på grund af
klima og vandmangel kun har ringe fauna og flora.
Et geografisk område, hvor den gennemsnitlige årlige
nedbør er mindre end 250 mm. foruden høje
temperaturer og stor fordampning.
- En ørken er et område, hvor vandfordampningen er
større end nedbøren.
Ifølge FN s ørkenkonvention er
»ørkendannelse« [en] forringelse af jorden i
aride, semi-aride og tørre subhumide områder som
følge af forskellige faktorer, som klimavariationer og
menneskelige aktiviteter. »Aride, semi-aride og tørre
subhumide områder« [er også ifølge
ørkenkonventionen] områder, bortset fra polar- og
subpolarområder, hvor forholdet mellem den årlige
nedbør og den potentielle evapotranspiration ligger inden
for skalaen 0,05-0,65. Der er ørkener på alle jordens
kontinenter og på planeten Mars.
- Geografi: Store
ørkenområder
-
- Kalahari i Sydafrika
- Sahara i Afrika, herunder Hvaldalen
- Den arabiske ørken i
Asien
- Den syriske ørken i Asien
- Gobi i Asien
- Kavir i Asien
- Karakum-ørkenen i Asien
- Namibørkenen / Namib Sand Sea i Sydvestafrika
- Taklamakan i Asien
- De australske ørkener i
Australien
- Patagonien i Sydamerika
- Basin and Range i USA
- Natur, klima.
Biodiversitet. Fauna og flora: Fisk.
Fugle.
Koralrev.
Vådområder.
Nature, climate. Flora and fauna: Botanical gardens. Fish. Birds.
Coral reefs. Wetlands
Flore et faune: Poissons. Oiseaux. Les récifs coralliens.
Les zones humides.
Flora y fauna: Fish. Pájaros. Los arrecifes de coral. Los
humedales.
Natur, Klima. Flora und Fauna: Botanische Gärten. Fisch.
Vögeln. Korallenriffe. Feuchtgebiet, Feuchtbiotop.
- International Network of Basin Organizations / Det
internationale netværk af flodbassin organisationer.
- http://www.inbo-news.org/spip.php?sommaire〈=en:
- Geologi og
jordbundsforhold: Bjerge,
vulkaner, jordskælv og
ørkenområder:
Geology: Mountains, volcanoes, earthquakes and desert areas
Géologie: Montagnes, volcans, tremblements de terre et les
zones désertiques
Geología: Montañas, volcanes, terremotos y zonas
desérticas
Geologie: Berge, Vulkane, Erdbeben und Wüstengebiete
- World Database on Protected
Areas: Beskyttede områder og
nationalparker.
- Historie: Der var
atomforsøgsområder under og efter den kolde krig i
Gobi, Kalahari, Nevada, New Mexico
og i Sahara.
- Bekendtgørelse af De Forenede Nationers konvention af
17. juni 1994 om bekæmpelse af ørkendannelse i de
lande, der er ramt af alvorlig
tørke og/eller ørkendannelse, særlig i
Afrika (FN s ørkenkonvention).
- https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=22872
- http://www.unccd.int/en/Pages/default.aspx
- Se også: Beduiner ; oase ;
steppe.
-
Global Deserts Outlook. United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2006., a report in the Global
Environment Outlook (GEO) series.
-
https://web.archive.org/web/20060610/http://www.unep.org/geo/news_centre/
Namib Sand Sea World Heritage Nomination dossier to UNESCO for
inscription into the World Heritage List. / : 2012 Namibia
National Committee for World Heritage.
- http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1430.pdf
Goudie, A. and Seely, M. (2011).
World Heritage Desert Landscapes: Potential Priorities for the
Recognition of Desert Landscapes and Geomorphological Sites on the
World Heritage List. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 44pp.
-
https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/2011-006.pdf
Duncan C, Kretz D, Wegmann M, Rabeil T, Pettorelli N. 2014 Oil in
the Sahara: mapping anthropogenic threats toSaharan biodiversity
from space. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 369: 20130191.
-
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royptb/369/1643/20130191.full.pdf
'Deserts are among the most poorly monitored and understood biomes
in the world, with evidence suggesting that their biodiversity is
declining fast. Oil exploration and exploitation can constitute an
important threat to fragmented and remnant desert biodiversity, yet
little is known about where and how intensively such developments
are taking place. This lack of information hinders local efforts to
adequately buffer and protect desert wildlife against encroachment
from anthropogenic activity. Here, we investigate the use of freely
available satellite imagery for the detection of features
associated with oil exploration in the African Sahelo-Saharan
region. We demonstrate how texture analyses combined with Landsat
data can be employed to detect ground-validated exploration sites
in Algeria and Niger.'
Transactions of the Symposium on the Biological Resources of the
Chihuahuan Desert Region, United States and Mexico by Wauer,
Roland; Riskind, David. 1977
- https://archive.org/details/transactionsofsy00waue
The Otero Mesa
- https://archive.org/details/otero_mesa
The Chihuahuan Desert extends southward from New Mexico, Texas and
Arizona into the Mexican Plateau. It covers an area of 250,000
square miles and is considered to be among the most biologically
rich and diverse desert eco-regions in the world. The area is home
to Pronghorn Antelope, migratory songbirds and independent cattle
ranches that have been in operation for generations.
Despite local outrage and a 2005 law suit filed by New Mexico's
governor against the Bush administration, the Bureau of Land
Management has made the decision to nearly double the acreage
available for oil and gas development on Otero Mesa. If it is
turned into a full-scale oil and gas field, the Wilderness and much
of the wildlife that live there will be threatened by groundwater
pollution. Current drilling requires the use of a number of
chemical agents (many of which are suspected carcinogens) that are
used the entire length of a drilling process.
Plant dieback under exceptional drought driven by elevation, not
by plant traits, in Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA. by
Waring, Elizabeth F.; Schwilk, Dylan W., 2014 PeerJ, volume 2.
- https://archive.org/details/pubmed-PMC4106195
In 2011, Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA, experienced the most
severe single year drought in its recorded history, resulting in
significant plant mortality. We used this event to test how
perennial plant response to drought varied across elevation, plant
growth form and leaf traits. In October 2010 and October 2011, we
measured plant cover by species at six evenly-spaced elevations
ranging from Chihuahuan desert (666 m) to oak forest in the Chisos
mountains (1,920 m). We asked the following questions: what was the
relationship between elevation and stem dieback and did
susceptibility to drought differ among functional groups or by leaf
traits? In 2010, pre-drought, we measured leaf mass per area (LMA)
on each species. In 2011, the percent of canopy dieback for each
individual was visually estimated. Living canopy cover decreased
significantly after the drought of 2011 and dieback decreased with
elevation. There was no relationship between LMA and dieback within
elevations. The negative relationship between proportional dieback
and elevation was consistent in shrub and succulent species, which
were the most common growth forms across elevations, indicating
that dieback was largely driven by elevation and not by species
traits. Growth form turnover did not influence canopy dieback;
differences in canopy cover and proportional dieback among
elevations were driven primarily by differences in drought
severity. These results indicate that the 2011 drought in Big Bend
National Park had a large effect on communities at all elevations
with average dieback for all woody plants ranging from 8% dieback
at the highest elevation to 83% dieback at lowest elevations.
Rendering Useless: South Africa’s Nuclear Test Shafts in
the Kalahari Desert. / : David Albright, Paul Brannan, Zachary
Laporte, Katherine Tajer, and Christina Walrond. November 30,
2011.
-
http://isis-online.org/uploads/isis-reports/documents/Vastrap_30November2011.pdf
Report on Global Status of Biodiversity in the Drylands.
For the UN Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Convention
to Combat Desertification.
UN Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee, 1994.
- https://archive.org/details/reportonglobalst94wcmc
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