Geografi ; natur ; demografi ; historie ; krige ; kultur ; kunst ; film ; musik ; politik ; politiske partier ; forsvar ; fredsbevægelser ; religion ; sociale forhold ; uddannelse ; økonomi og våbenhandel.
Geography; Nature and climate; Demography; History; Wars; Culture ; Art; Film; Music; Politics; Political parties ; Defense; Peace movements; Religion; Social conditions ; Education , Economics and Arms trade.
Géographie; Nature et climat; Démographie; Guerres; Histoire; Culture ; La musique; Politique; Partis politiques ; La défense; Mouvements de paix; Religion; Conditions sociales ; Éducation; Économie et commerce des armes

Brasilien: klima og
klimaforandringer:

Brasilien er medlem af / is a memner of the World Meteorological Organization
- https://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.html
Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciai,
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais / National Institute for Space Research, (INPE) 1971-.
Se også: Sydamerikas klima.

Litteratur

Afskovningen af Amazonas styrer mod kritisk niveau : Satellitdata forstærker de bange anelser: Brasiliens højrepopulistiske præsident har reelt givet grønt lys for uhæmmet rovdrift på klodens største regnskov og vigtigste klimastabiliserende 'grønne lunge'. / : Jonathan Watts. I: Information, 30. juli 2019.
Dangerous Climate Change in Brazil : A Brazil-UK analysis of Climate Change and Deforestation impacts in the Amazon. / : Jose A. Marengo et al. Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre (CCST), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Brazil, and the Met Office Hadley Centre, UK, 2011.
The Amazon is important to the global carbon budget through its role in taking in and storing carbon from the atmosphere within the trees and the soil. The global forestry industry currently accounts for approximately 17% of greenhouse gas emissions, behind only energy supply (26%) and industry (19%).2 But it is not just at the global scale that it is important. The Amazon forest also plays a crucial role in the climate of South America through its effect on the regional water cycle. The forest interacts with the atmosphere to regulate moisture within the basin. Moisture is transported into the Amazon region from the tropical Atlantic by the trade winds. After the rain falls, intense evaporation and recycling of moisture is performed by the tropical forest, and then a large part of this evaporation is returned to the Amazon region as rain. It is estimated that between 30% and 50% of the rainfall within the Amazon Basin to consist of recycled evaporation. Furthermore, moisture originating in the Amazon basin is transported by the winds to other parts of the continent, and is thought to be important in feeding rainfall in regions remote from the Amazon itself.
DETER-B: The New Amazon Near Real-Time Deforestation Detection System. / : Cesar Guerreiro Diniz et al. IEEE Journal of selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing, vol. 8, no. 7, July 2015
Is Amazon rainforest going from carbon sink to carbon source? / : Fred Pearce.
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May 19, 2020
It is not often that you meet a scientist breathless with excitement about her new findings. But it happened to me last September at the National Institute for Space Research in the Brazilian research city of Sao Jose dos Campos. Atmospheric chemist Luciana Gatti was rushing to tell her colleagues the result of her latest analysis of carbon dioxide emissions from the Amazon rainforest, which she had completed that morning.
Gatt'’s findings, while relating to the southeast of the Amazon, the region's most heavily deforested area, suggest that the rainforest as a whole could be close to flipping from a sink to a source of carbon dioxide. The ability of intact areas of the rainforest to absorb carbon dioxide have already halved since the 1990s, says Carlos Nobre of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil's most noted climate scientist. Passing the tipping point for the whole forest would release more than 50 billion tons of carbon, he said recently, which is the equivalent of five years of global fossil-fuel and industrial emissions.
Regnskov fældet i rekordtempo i Brasilien : Siden Brasiliens præsident Jair Bolsonaro tiltrådte i januar 2019, er det gået stærkt med at fælde regnskov. Han angriber miljøagenturet bag nye afslørende tal og fyrer dets direktør for at manipulere. / : Arbejderen, 8. august 2019.
Et uafhængigt overvågningsprogram fra organisationen INPE (National Institute for Space Research) har fulgt afskovning ved hjælp af satellitbilleder i en årrække, og de har senest dokumenteret, at der i juli måned alene blev fældet 3926 kvadratkilometer regnskov.
Second National Communication of Brazil to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change / Segunda Comunicação Nacional do Brasil à Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima. / : Ministry of Science and Technology. Brasília, 2010.
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