Texas

Geography, nature and climate, demographics, history, wars, culture, film, music, politics, defense, peace movements, religion, social issues, education, economy and arms trade.
Indiansk, spansk: 1. Etnisk begreb fra caddo-sproget fra Hasinai indianerstammen i det østlige Texas, oprindelig stavet Tejas, i flertal, taysha "venner, allierede".
2. Mexicansk provins 1821-1836.
3. Historisk nordamerikansk   republik, 1836-1845 med grænser til Mexico og USA og med kystlinje til Mexicobugten. Efterfølgende 1845 del af USA. Staten Texas bestod ud over det nuværende landområde også af store dele af de nuværende amerikanske delstater Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico og Wyoming reguleret af Velasco tratkaterne mellem Texas og Mexico fra 1836.
Natur: Chihuahuan Desert
Plant dieback under exceptional drought driven by elevation, not by plant traits, in Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA. by Waring, Elizabeth F.; Schwilk, Dylan W., 2014. PeerJ, volume 2.
- https://archive.org/details/pubmed-PMC4106195
In 2011, Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA, experienced the most severe single year drought in its recorded history, resulting in significant plant mortality. We used this event to test how perennial plant response to drought varied across elevation, plant growth form and leaf traits. In October 2010 and October 2011, we measured plant cover by species at six evenly-spaced elevations ranging from Chihuahuan desert (666 m) to oak forest in the Chisos mountains (1,920 m). We asked the following questions: what was the relationship between elevation and stem dieback and did susceptibility to drought differ among functional groups or by leaf traits? In 2010, pre-drought, we measured leaf mass per area (LMA) on each species. In 2011, the percent of canopy dieback for each individual was visually estimated. Living canopy cover decreased significantly after the drought of 2011 and dieback decreased with elevation. There was no relationship between LMA and dieback within elevations. The negative relationship between proportional dieback and elevation was consistent in shrub and succulent species, which were the most common growth forms across elevations, indicating that dieback was largely driven by elevation and not by species traits. Growth form turnover did not influence canopy dieback; differences in canopy cover and proportional dieback among elevations were driven primarily by differences in drought severity. These results indicate that the 2011 drought in Big Bend National Park had a large effect on communities at all elevations with average dieback for all woody plants ranging from 8% dieback at the highest elevation to 83% dieback at lowest elevations.

Klima
‘A humanitarian crisis’: Cold and snow put millions in danger in Texas: 38 dead. / : Countercurrents Collective. February 19, 2021.
Texas's freeze entered a sixth day on Thursday. At least 31 people have died as of Wednesday afternoon as a result of the severe weather in Texas. But some media reports said, days of glacial weather have left at least 38 people dead in the U.S. The snow made many roads impassable, disrupted coronavirus vaccine distribution and blanketed nearly three-quarters of the continental U.S. And that number is expected to climb with no end to the Texas nightmare in sight...
Aktuelle og historiske fredsgrupper i Texas.
Kultur:
Musik:
Det militærindustrielle kompleks i Texas.
Aktuelle baser og militæranlæg i Texas
Våbenfabrikker i Texas.
Se også: George W. Bush ; Stanley Hauerwas ; Lyndon Baines Johnson ; Messoamerika.

Litteratur
The story of Spanish. / : Jean-Benoît Nadeau.
- New York : St. Martin's Press, 2013.
- https://archive.org/details/Section01HC
Sproghistorie / history of language / Historia del lenguaje.

Dobie, J. Frank: Guide to Life and Literature of the Southwest, 1952.
America, its realities and resources : comprising important details connected with the present social, political, agricultural, commercial, and financial state of the country, its laws and customs, together with a review of the policy of the United States that led to the war of 1812, and peace of 1814--the "right of search," the Texas and Oregon questions, etc. etc. (1846).
http://www.archive.org/details/americaitsrealit01wyseiala
Lundy, Benjamin: The war in Texas; a review of facts and circumstances, showing that this contest is a crusade against Mexico- Philadelphia, Printed for the publishers by Merrihew and Gunn, 1837.
http://www.archive.org/details/warintexasarevi00statgoog
Peace with Mexico. By Albert Gallatin ([1847]).
http://www.archive.org/details/peacewithmexicob00gallrich
Resolutions of the State of Texas, concerning peace, reconstruction, and independence : House of Representatives, Jan. 19, 1865.-Laid on the table, and ordered to be printed (1865).
http://www.archive.org/details/resolutionsofsta00texa
Texas : a Brief Account of the Origin, Progress and Present State of the Colonial Settlements of Texas; Together with an Exposition of the Causes which have induced the Existing War with Mexico, 1836?. - http://www.archive.org/details/texasabriefaccou07355gut
Stephenson, Nathaniel Wright: Texas and the Mexican war; a chronicle of the winning of the Southwest (1921).
http://www.archive.org/details/texasandmexican05stepgoog
Stiff, Edward: A new history of Texas; being a narration of the adventures of the author in Texas, and a description of the soil, climate, productions, minerals, tons [!], bays, harbours, rivers, institutions, and manners and customs of the inhabitants of that country; together with the principal incidents of fifteen years revolution in Mexico; and embracing a condensed statement of interesting events in Texas, from the first European settlement in 1692, down to the present time: and a history of the Mexican war (1847).
http://www.archive.org/details/newhistoryoftexa00instif
Urquhart, David: Annexation of the Texas : a case of war between England and the United States (1844)
http://www.archive.org/details/annexationoftexa00urqurich

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