Kendte amerikanske efterretnings- og sikkerhedstjenester

Det lovgivningsmæssige grundlag for USAs nuværende efterret-ningstjenester og deres virksomhed er Lov om national sikkerhed / the National Security Act fra 1947 med senere ændringer og tilføjelser, hvori forskellige efterretningsoperationer defineres.
Heri defineres eksempelvis hemmelige operationer som: »den amerikanske regerings handling eller aktiviteter til at påvirke politiske, økonomiske, eller militære forhold i udlandet, hvor det er hensigten, at den rolle De Forenede Staters regering har ikke vil være synlige eller anerkendt offentligt«.
Det var denne formulering - og lovgivernes manglende kontrol med efterretningtjenesterne som bl.a. muliggjorde Iran-Contra skan-dalerne under præsident Ronald Reagan embedsperiode.

United States Intelligence Community

The legislative basis for America's current intelligence services and their operations are the National Security Act of 1947 and subsequent amendments and additions in which various intelligence operations are defined. They define covert operations as: "the U.S. government action or actions to influence political, economic, or military conditions abroad, where it is intended that the role of the United States Government will not be apparent or acknowledged publicly." It was this formula - and legislators' lack of control of intelligence services in particular that enabled the Iran-Contra scandals under President Ronald Reagan's term of office.

CRS: Privacy: An Overview of Federal Statutes, Governing Wiretapping an Electronic Eavesdropping. / : Gina Stevens ; Charles Doyle. October 9, 2012. - 162 s.
'This report provides an overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). ECPA consists of three parts. The first, often referred to as Title III, outlaws wiretapping and electronic eavesdropping, except as otherwise provided. The second, the Stored Communications Act, governs the privacy of, and government access to, the content of electronic communications and to related records. The third outlaws the use and installation of pen registers and of trap and trace devices, unless judicially approved for law enforcement or intelligence gathering purposes.'

• Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency (AF ISR) AIA 2007-, Forsvarsministeriet / Pentagon
• Air Force Office of Special Investigations
• Air Force Security Service 1948-1979? senere the Air Intelligence Agency senere the Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency
• Army Area Analysis Intelligence Agency (AAIA)
• Army CID (CID)
• Army Foreign Science and Technology Center 1962-?
• Army Intelligence and Security Command 1964-, herunder the National Ground Intelligence Center
• Army Intelligence and Threat Analysis Center (ITAC)
• The U.S. Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca : The Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin
• Army Security Service (ASA), herunder US Army Technical Services Intelligence Agencies, herunder: Chemical Corps Intelligence Agency, Ordnance Technical Intelligence Agency, Quartermaster Intelligence Agency, Signal Intelligence Agency, og the Transportation Intelligence Agency
• Black Chamber, eller MI-8 eller Cipher Bureau 1913-?
• Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR)
• Bureau of Military Information (1863-1865)
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 1947-., herunder Gladio, the Directorate of Intelligence, the Directorate of Science & Technology, the Directorate of Support. the National Clandestine Service samt CIA, Center on Climate Change and National Security - Chief FOIA Officer Report: Central Intelligence Agency, March 9, 2012.
  - http://www.foia.cia.gov/txt/Chief_FOIA_Officer_Report_2012.pdf
  'Under the CIA’s Historical Review Program, six historically significant collections were released during the reporting period.
  The releases were based on criteria including historical significance, public interest, and the input of Agency historians and the Historical Review Panel. These discretionary releases involved 1,627 unique documents and provided 15,508 pages of declassified material. Topics included: The Warsaw Pact and the Wartime Statutes; Stories of Sacrifice and Dedication: Civil Air Transport, Air America and the CIA; Penetrating the Iron Curtain: Resolving the Missile Gap with Technology; A City Torn Apart: Building the Berlin Wall; Ronald Reagan: Intelligence and the End of the Cold War; and CIA’s Clandestine Services History of the Civil Air Transport (CAT). During this reporting period over 25 hours of video was also declassified and released. The CIA also provided a collection of documents on the Bay of Pigs and six of the oldest documents in the U.S. Government collection relating to secret writing techniques.'
• Coast Guard Intelligence / Kystbevogtningens efterretningstjeneste, Forsvarsministeriet
• Coast Guard Investigative Service
• Counterintelligence Corps (United States Army), senere Military Intelligence Corps (US Army) senere US Army Intelligence and Security Command
• Counterintelligence Field Activity 2002-2008?), Forsvarsministeriet
• Culper Ring 1778-1781? - A Short History of Army Intelligence. / : Michael E. Bigelow of US Army Intelligence and Security Command, dated July 2012.
• Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 1961-., Forsvarsministeriet, herunder Directorate of Human Intelligence, Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System, Library of National Intelligence, ODNI Office of Analytic Transformation and Technology
• Division of Military Information
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Directorate of Intelligence, Justitsministeriet, herunder National security letters
• Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court - The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court was created by section 103(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803(a)). It was originally comprised of seven district judges from seven circuits named by the Chief Justice of the United States to serve a maximum of 7 years. In 2001, the U.S.A. Patriot Act (section 208) amended the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act to increase the number of FIS Court judges from seven to eleven, "of whom no fewer than 3 shall reside within 20 miles of the District of Columbia." The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review was created by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to review applications that were denied by the FIS Court.
• Information Security Oversight Office
• Interagency Group on Domestic Intelligence and Internal Security, 1970-?
• The Iranian Directorate eller Directorate for Iran, Forsvarsministeriet
• Joint Defense Facility at Pine Gap 1970-.
• Joint Intelligence Community Council 2004-
• Marine Corps Intelligence Activity, Forsvarsministeriet
• Military Intelligence Corps (hæren), Forsvarsministeriet
• Military Intelligence Board
• Military Intelligence Division 1885-1918?, Krigsministeriet
• National Counter Intelligence Corps Associations, 1966
• National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), Forsvarsministeriet - Independent Commission on the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, 2001
  - http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/nga/index.html
  GAO: Military Base Realignments and Closures: The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency’s Technology Center Construction Project. 2012. - 19 s.
  'NGA’s Technology Center was completed with a modified scope of work but still met the original data-storage requirement, and the agency believes it constitutes a complete and usable facility. The NGA Technology Center was performing its mission as of the end of September 2011. Nonetheless, while NGA’s data-storage requirements were stable during the Technology Center’s construction, NGA modified the scope of work for the center multiple times because the space it originally projected it would need for data storage was later reduced due to advances in data-storage technology. NGA officials told us that at the beginning of the project NGA had identified a data-storage requirement of 8 petabytes'.
• National Intelligence Coordination Center
• National Intelligence Council
• National Reconnaissance Office 1961-., Forsvarsministeriet
• National Security Agency (NSA), herunder Echelon - Fiscal Year 2012 National Defense Authorization Budget Request for National Security Space Activities. H 15, 2011: Hearing on national defense authorization act for fiscal year 2012 and oversight of previously authorized programs before the committee on armed services house of representatives one hundred twelfth congress first session subcommittee on strategic forces hearing on budget request for national security space activities hearing held March 15, 2011. - U.S. National Archives and Records Administration : Executive Order 12333--United States intelligence activities. Source: The provisions of Executive Order 12333 of Dec. 4, 1981, appear at 46 FR 59941, 3 CFR, 1981 Comp., p. 200, unless otherwise noted.
  - http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12333.html
• National Air and Space Intelligence Center
• Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS)
• Office of the Coordinator of Information 1941-?
• Office of Chief Of Naval Operations (OPNAV), 20th Division of the Office of Naval Communications, G Section / Communications Security 1922-1946?
• Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)
• Office of Intelligence and Analysis
• Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Energiministeriet
• Office of National Security Intelligence (DEA)
• Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI)
• Office of Special Plans 2003-?
• Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
• Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, Skatteministeriet
• Office of the Director of National Intelligence
• The President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, herunder the Office of Management and Budget
• Signals Intelligence Service 1930-?, Krigsministeriet
• Strategic Services Planning Group
• United States Secret Service - The U.S. Secret Service: An Examination and Analysis of Its Evolving Missions. / Shawn Reese, Analyst in Emergency Management and Homeland Security Policy. CRS, April 16, 2012. - 24 s.
  'In March 2003, the U.S. Secret Service was transferred from the Department of the Treasury to the Department of Homeland Security as a distinct entity. Prior to enactment of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296), the U.S. Secret Service had been part of the Treasury Department for over 100 years.'

Se også: Battlefield Surveillance Brigades ; biometric-enabled intelligence ; the Defense Intelligence Space Threat Committee ; Center For the Study of Intelligence ; Director of National Intelligence ; the Joint Military Intelligence Program ; Military Intelligence Corps ; National Declassification Center ; The National Intelligence Program ; National Security Action Memoranda ; National Security Resources Board ; Original Classification Authority ; Original Classification Decisions ; President's Intelligence Advisory Board ; Security Classification Appeals Panel ; security cleared personnel ; stovepiping ; Subversive Activities Control Board, 1950-1973 ; Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities ; the United States President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States 1974-1965 ; the US Army Intelligence Museum ; Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity.

Litteratur

National Security Act of 1947. Bibliography Branch, Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center, Maxwell AFB, AL. August 2007.
- http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/natsec1947.htm
Director of National Intelligence: Intelligence Community Directives - http://www.fas.org/irp/dni/icd/index.html
CRS: Drones in Domestic Surveillance Operations: Fourth Amendment Implications and Legislative Responses. / : Richard M. Thompson II. 2012. - 23 s.
CRS: Intelligence Authorization Legislation Status and Challenges. / : Richard F. Grimmett; Rebecca S. Lange. 2012. - 19 s.
'In May 2011, Congress passed the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2011, which did contain a classified schedule of authorizations; on June 8, the President signed the bill and it became P.L. 112-18. In December 2011, both the House and Senate passed H.R. 1892, the Intelligence Authorization for FY2012, which also contained a classified schedule. H.R. 1892 was signed into law by the President on January 3, 2012 (P.L. 112-87). Annual intelligence authorization acts were first passed in 1978 after the establishment of the two congressional intelligence committees and were enacted every year until 2005.'
Hillhouse, R.J.: Outsourcing Intelligence: How Bush Gets His National Intelligence from Private Companies : Private corporations are now a major staple of national intelligence and are heavily involved in producing the most important and most sensitive national security document -- the President's Daily Brief. The Nation, July 31, 2007 .
National Security Archive: U.S. Espionage and Intelligence: Organization, Operations, and Management, 1947-1996.
This publication 'publishes together for the first time recent unclassified and newly declassified documents pertaining to the organizational structure, operations, and management of the U.S. intelligence community over the last fifty years, cross-indexed for maximum accessibility. This set reproduces on microfiche 1,174 organizational histories, memoranda, manuals, regulations, directives, reports, and studies, representing over 36,102 pages of documents from the Office of the Director of Central Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office, National Security Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, military service intelligence organizations, National Security Council and other organizations'.
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/publications/ie/index.html
National Security Archive: U.S. Intelligence Policy Documentation Project
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/intelligence/index.html
Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans Book III. Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities United States Senate April 23 (under authority of the order of April 14), 1976.
The Evolution of American Military Intelligence by Marc B. Powe and Edward Wilson, U.S. Army Intelligence Center and School, Fort Huachuca, AZ, May 1973.
http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/army/evolution.pdf
Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Committee on the Judiciary, US Senate: Army Surveillance of Civilians:
A Documentary Analysis. 1972, 92d Congress, 2d session, 1972.